India has taken a significant step towards circular economy goals with the formalisation of food-grade rPET (recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate) regulations by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). This development marks a major milestone for the packaging industry, setting clear standards for safety, quality, and compliance in the use of recycled plastics for food contact materials.
What Does It Mean?
FSSAI now permits the use of rPET in food packaging—provided it meets stringent decontamination and safety benchmarks. The move paves the way for the responsible use of post-consumer PET bottles to manufacture new food-grade containers, reducing dependency on virgin plastic. The guideline applies exclusively to recycling processes that transform post-consumer food-grade PET into FCM-rPET (Food Contact Material-rPET). This approach guarantees that materials reintroduced into the food supply chain meet strict safety and performance standards.
The Approved Recycling Processes
Only advanced recycling technologies with validated decontamination steps—such as super-clean mechanical recycling, melt-in, paste-in, and chemical recycling—are approved for converting post-consumer PET into food-contact safe rPET. Traditional mechanical recycling, without decontamination, is not permitted for such applications.
Testing and Validation Requirements
To ensure safety, the recycled resin must pass several critical tests:
- Challenge Test
- Migration Test
- Extraction Test
These tests must be carried out by NABL or ILAC-accredited laboratories and comply with standards such as IS 12252, IS 9845, and IS 9833.
Operational and Quality Standards
Recycling operations must follow Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), including the implementation of quality assurance programmes, clearly defined critical quality parameters, and full product traceability. Input materials must meet a minimum quality standard, and the final product should be monitored continuously to ensure consistency over time.
Why It Matters
With Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) frameworks becoming more stringent, these guidelines offer clarity and assurance for recyclers, converters, and brand owners alike. This is a vital enabler for boosting rPET adoption in food and beverage sectors while maintaining safety, quality, and trust.